# Comparing Results

### Adriano Marques

## Introduction

The Compare Results Window, is a tool that allows you to compare two distinct scan results, highlighting any difference that may occour between one to another in a easy to read manner. This feature is intended to let you compare two given scans, let's say one made in the morning and other made in the evening, and not if in the mean time a given host has left the network, or if a given host is still serving on the same port as in the morning, for example. It can be really usefull for network administrators, as with regular scans of it's network can be compared to show abnormalities.

### Openning Instructions

To reach the Compare Results Window, make sure that Zenmap is open, and then do one of the following:

Procedure 1. Use the key-stroke

- The key-stroke that shows the Compare Results Window is CTRL + D.

Procedure 2. Single click on the Compare Results Icon in the Main Toolbar

- The Compare Results Icon in the Main Toolbar may differ from theme to theme, but it is always the 6th icon counting from left to right.

Procedure 3. Access from the Main Menu

- Go to the Main Menu (the one on the top of the application), File->Compare Results.

## Loaded/Loading Results

To avoid too much user interaction, and usability problems, Zenmap automatically make available at the Compare Results Window combo boxes, the scan results currently loaded in the main interface. As you may have already noted, scans are loaded separatedly inside scan tabs, that are describe with a title that may be the scan result file name, a combination of the Profile Name + Target used in the scan or something else. Thoose scan tabs titles, are used as identifiers that loads the respective scan result for comparison when selected at those combo boxes.

If one or both of the scan results that you wish to compare are not loaded in Zenmap's main interface, you can compare then by loading then inside the Compare Results Window without the need of closing the window, loading the results into scan tabs, and then openning the Compare Results Window again. To load then directly, use the Open button that resides on the right of each combo box.

You may also want to compare results that are not saved into files, but inside the Zenmap's search data base. To load those results, you'll have to load then into scan tabs first, and then open the Compare Results Window to compare them. It's a bit cumbersome, but loading then directly from the Compare Results Window would implicate on creating more widgets inside the window and making it more complex, thus lowing it's usability anyway.

## Comparing Results

To quickly start comparing two given resuls, simply select the results you wish to compare at the “Scan Result 1” and “Scan Result 2” combo boxes. The only thing you should pay attention while selecting the scan results, is that the comparison is done by highlighting what has changed (or is not present) in the second result when compared to the first one. So, if you chage the order of the scan results selection, you'll end up with a different comparison result, that probably won't show what you're looking for.

If you just want to compare changes on your network, a simple rule that won't let you get in trouble always select the older result first, and then the newest one. By following this, you'll get a comparison that shows which hosts has left your network in the mean time, or, which ports appeared or disappeared, etc. By selecting the newest one first, you'll have a not so usefull comparison.

Let's say that you have two different scans loaded in Zenmap, and you wish to compare then. The first one, called “Quick Scan on 192.168.204.128” is a scan result made 2 days ago, and the second one, called “Regular Scan on 192.168.204.128” is a just finished scan result. The goal is to verify if something has changed during this 2 days, like if a service has been put up, or down in the mean while.

Having those scans already loaded, simply open the Compare Results Window, by following the section called “Openning Instructions” mentioned in the beginning. Doing so, you'll end up with a window like this:

The screenshot above shows the appearance of the Compare Results Window running the “Compare Mode” just after it's openning.

At Scan Result 1 combo box, select “Quick Scan on 192.168.204.128” and at Scan Result 2, select “Regular Scan on 192.168.204.128”. In the moment you finish the selection of the results you want to compare, Zenmap detects your choices and generates automatically the comparison result.

The Compare Results Window with selected results and the comparison generated automatically by Zenmap

The same window, now showing the “Text mode” comparison result.

## The Text Diff Mode

If you're an old Zenmap user, you won't be surprised with the text mode. But maybe, if you are a new user, you will probably be questionning why there is a “Text mode”, if you've got the “Compare mode”, that is easier to read and understand. Here goes the answer: The “Text mode” is the first comparison mode, and it's quite usefull in some situations. If you simply want to visually compare two different scans, the “Compare mode” is just what you need. But, if you need to report changes and save them for historical purposes, the “Text mode” will generate for you a text diff that can be copied and pasted anywhere. This mode is not so complete as the “Compare mode”, but it's the only one that you can save for latter analysis. In the future, Zenmap will feature a report generation tool, to ease this task.

### Reading and Understanding

The text diff is basically the first result plus extra lines that describes what is missing or what has changed in the second one. Those extra lines are marked up with symbols that describes what happenned in that part of the text result.

Table 1. Text diff symbols and their meanings

Symbol | Meaning
--- | ---
+ | The line has appeared/changed in the second result
- | The line was removed/changed from the first result
? | Indicates that this line contains symbols that show what was modified in the line above
^ | Indicates what was modified in the line above

### Changing colors

If you like the colored highlight mode, you may want to change the colors to those which you may feel better with, or that may show better in a given situation. Doing so, is quite easy and every change is automatically saved, so you'll won't have to worry about changing the colors everytime you use this window.

Click once on the Color Descriptions button. The folowing dialog will show up:

If you're running the “Text mode”, there is only two colors that you may want to change here (as this mode only uses two). Those colors are describe as Property was Added and Property is Not Present. Click once in the button that holds the current color you want to change, and a color selection dialog will be shown.

The colors will be automatically updated as soon as you leave the Color Descriptions dialog.

## The Comparison Mode

Yet the best comparison mode for quick verification of changes betwen results, this mode shows informations that doesn't exist in the regular nmap output. Thus, this mode gives you more informations than the text one.

### Reading and Understanding

Reading and understanding this mode is easy and intuitive, as it shows only one information (or property) per line, and the symbol before each property describes it's state in the second result. If you have the colored highlight mode enabled, you'll have a more intuitive experience, as you won't have to bother about understanding those symbols.

Here follows a list of symbols, followed by their meannings:

Table 2. Compare mode symbols and their meanings

Symbol | Meaning
--- | ---
U | The property remained Unchanged in the second result.
A | The property was Added in the second result.
M | The property was Modified in the second result.
N | The property is Not present in the second result.

### Changing colors

If you like the colored highlight mode, you may want to change the colors to those which you may feel better with, or that may show better in a given situation. Doing so, is quite easy and every change is automatically saved, so you'll won't have to worry about changing the colors everytime you use this window.

Click once on the Color Descriptions button. The folowing dialog will show up:

If you're running the “Compare mode”, you can change any color that you feel like, by clicking in the button that holds the color you wish to change, and they will be update as soon as you leave the Color Descriptions dialog.

## Openning in Browser

If you want to generate a quick HTML report of the generated diff, and view in you default web browser, just click once in the Open in Browser button. The HTML report holds another diff visualization mode, followed by the text one. After openned in the browser, you can simply save it for latter view, or historical purposes, if needed.

### Known issues

There's a bug that avoids the use of this feature when Zenmap is been executed with sudo in Linux.